Measuring visual exposure to smoking behaviours: a viewshed analysis of smoking at outdoor bars and cafés across a capital city’s downtown area
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Measuring visual exposure to smoking behaviours: a viewshed analysis of smoking at outdoor bars and cafés across a capital city’s downtown area
BACKGROUND The influence of visual exposure to health-related behaviours, such as smoking, is increasingly acknowledged in the public health literature. Social contagion or normalisation is thought to operate through the visibility of those behaviours. There has been a lack of systematic and comprehensive approaches to quantifying visual exposure to these behaviours over a relatively large geog...
متن کاملa comparative pragmatic analysis of the speech act of “disagreement” across english and persian
the speech act of disagreement has been one of the speech acts that has received the least attention in the field of pragmatics. this study investigates the ways power relations, social distance, formality of the context, gender, and language proficiency (for efl learners) influence disagreement and politeness strategies. the participants of the study were 200 male and female native persian s...
15 صفحه اولa phonological contrastive analysis of kurdish and english
deposite the different criticisms on contrastive analysis it has been proved that the results of it(when processed)can be usuful in a tefl environment,specially at the level of phonology.this study is an attempt to compare and contrast the sound systems of kurdish and english for pedagogical aims. the consonants,vowels,stress and intonation of the twolanguages are described by the same model-ta...
15 صفحه اولOutdoor smoking behaviour and support for outdoor smoking restrictions before and after France's national smoking ban.
BACKGROUND On January 1, 2008, the French government implemented a national ban on indoor smoking in hospitality venues. Survey results indicate the indoor ban has been successful at dramatically reducing indoor smoking; however, there are reports of an increased number of outdoor hospitality spaces (patios) where smoking can take place. This study sought to understand if the indoor ban simply ...
متن کاملEvaluation of the risk of lung cancer due to hookah smoking: a meta-analysis study
Background: Hookah smoking has been growing among people because consumers believe that smoking in the form of hookahs has lesser health effects than cigarettes. However, recent reports showed that water pipe smoking (WSP) increased heart rate, blood pressure, impaired pulmonary function and carbon monoxide intoxication. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and coronary artery disease are serious prob...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMC Public Health
سال: 2014
ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-300